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AS a basis for the analyses of this symposium, a hypothetical car has been used to evaluate the engine power distribution in performance. Effects of fuel,-engine accessories, and certain car accessories are evaluated. The role of the transmission in making engine power useful at normal car speeds is also discussed. Variables encountered in wind and rolling resistance determinations are reevaluated by improved test techniques. Net horsepower of the car in terms of acceleration, passing ability and grade capability are also summarized.

THIS paper describes the Chrysler TorqueFlite transmission, a 3-speed unit with torque converter. The discussion includes details of the push-button controls of the automatic transmission, operation of the transmission and hydraulic controls, power transmission through the gearbox, and design of several of the components. The authors think that the TorqueFlite offers to a greater degree the advantages of automatic transmission: ease of operation and maximum power over a wide range of car speeds.

Since 1968, vehicle weight increases and emissions controls have reduced fuel economy substantially. Additional losses in economy and acceleration will be experienced through 1976. Recommendations are made to lessen the impact of the predicted losses. Factors influencing fuel economy and acceleration are examined for an intermediate car. Changes in engine efficiency and displacement, compression ratio, torque converter, transmission, axle ratio, aerodynamic drag, tires, accessories, vehicle weight, and emissions controls are examined. When practical, the effects of 10% changes are analyzed. Comparisons are also made with a subcompact and a luxury vehicle.

THE design and construction of the PowerFlite automatic transmission are described by the authors. It is of the torque converter type, some models being water-cooled, while others are direct air cooled. Details of the hydraulic controls are explained, including the one-piece shift valve and the shuttle valve for controlling closed-throttle shifts. It is claimed that this transmission has relative simplicity, light weight, and smoothness of operation.

THE GRADEABILITY formula can be used as the basic means for rating a truck transmission. By correlating the gradeabilities in the various gear ratios with a highway requirement probability curve, the per cent of time in each ratio can be obtained. The required hours of gear life for each ratio are then determined, and compared with the available gear life in the ratios. This procedure gives a detailed analysis of a transmission rating for one vehicle specification at a specified mileage between overhauls. A limitation of the system is that it cannot be applied quickly to various vehicle specifications. The paper outlines the method for constructing a nomogram to overcome this.*

This paper is focusing on the performance enhancement of the tapered roller bearings supporting the transfer shaft in a push belt type Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT). It also provides an objective comparison, based on test results, with the fixed/floating ball bearings alternative arrangement. The influence of different design parameters such as cup and cone race profile, roller length / diameter ratio, surface finish etc., is quantified in the analytical and experimental investigation. The bearings power loss is calculated and measured for operating conditions that are relevant in a vehicle fuel economy cycle. Additional specific aspects related to the use of tapered roller bearings, such as setting and mounting procedures, are discussed under similar considerations. The paper contains a system analysis of the transfer shaft interacting with the variator output shaft and with the differential.

The tapered roller bearings employed in axle centers for the pinion support are critical components in determining the noise, fuel economy and reliability characteristics of the vehicle. They represent a relatively complex mechanical and tribological system, with special requirements from the stiffness, lubrication and heat transfer points of view. This paper brings a contribution to the investigation of the intricate dependency between design parameters, environmental factors and the resultant performance of a package bearing in an integral double cup configuration. Axial compactness, reduced weight, and superior rigidity are only few of the multiple advantages recommending this type of double row bearings for automotive driveline applications. Different aspects related to the tapered roller bearing setting are analyzed in a theoretical and experimental manner, also under the consideration of the manufacturing and assembly processes.

Gasoline direct injection technology is receiving increased attention among automotive engineers due to its high potential to reach future emission and fuel economy goals. This paper reports some of the design and development techniques in use at Chrysler as applied to four-stroke Direct Injection Spark Ignition (DISI) engines. The spray characteristics of Chrysler's single-fluid high-pressure injector are reported. Tools used in the design process are identified. Observations of the in-cylinder fuel/air mixing process using laser diagnostic techniques and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) are described. Finally, combustion and emissions characteristics using Design of Experiment (DoE) tests are presented.